221 Roman Emperor Elagabalus adopted his cousin Alexander Severus as his heir and received the title of Caesar.
363 Emperor Julian, the last Roman emperor to oppose Christianity, died in Mesopotamia at age 32, while fighting the Persians. General Jovian was proclaimed Emperor by the troops on the battlefield.
684 Pope St. Benedict consecrated. The consecration of Benedict was delayed nearly a year until Byzantine Emperor Constantine IV could approve his election.
1284 the legendary Pied Piper led 130 children out of Hamelin, Germany.
1409 Western Schism: the Roman Catholic church was led into a double schism as Petros Philargos was crowned Pope Alexander V after the Council of Pisa, joining Pope Gregory XII in Rome and Pope Benedict XII in Avignon.
1483 Richard III was crowned king of England after declaring his nephews Edward and Richard illegitimate.
1498 Toothbrush invented
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