Saint Andrew, one of the Twelve Disciples of Christ was martyred on an X-shaped cross during the reign of Vespasian. The day is celebrated as St. Andrew's feast day.
1016 Cnut, king of Denmark, claimed the throne of all England after Edmund 'Ironside', king of England, died.
1406 Gregory XII became Pope. Gregory was the last of the Roman line of popes during the Western Schism.
1648 English army captured King Charles I.
1700 at the Battle of Narva, a Swedish army of 8,500 men under Charles XII defeated a much larger Russian army at Narva.
1718 Swedish king Charles XII died during a siege of the fortress Fredriksten in Norway.
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